ZHIZHI 知止 · LEARN CHINESE DAILY

and yet; but; and then

ér
6 strokes · 而 (its own radical) — a pictograph of a beard · HSK 3

Where 而 comes from

而 is a beard — chin line on top, whiskers hanging below. Borrowed early for a grammar word (the beard meaning moved elsewhere), it became classical Chinese's great connective: and, yet, then, but.

而 in Chinese culture

而且 'moreover', 而是 'but rather' (不是A而是B: not A but B). Classical texts run on 而 — Confucius's opening line 学而时习之 'to learn and practice in season' hangs on it. Written Chinese still reaches for 而 whenever two clauses need an elegant hinge.

Example

而是 ér shì — but rather

我不是老师,而是学生。
Wǒ bú shì lǎoshī, ér shì xuésheng.
I'm not a teacher, but a student.

How to remember it

A wise BEARD connecting thoughts — AND YET, BUT RATHER.

The Analects uses 而 over 340 times in a very short book — grammatically it's the duct tape of classical Chinese.

Same sound, different tones

2nd ér
and yet
3rd ěr
ear
4th èr
two

Words unlocked by 而

而是 ér shì
but rather
而且 érqiě
moreover

Related characters

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