ZHIZHI 知止 · LEARN CHINESE DAILY

always; total; chief

zǒng
9 strokes · 心 (heart) beneath a gathered bundle — everything tied into one · HSK 3

Where 总 comes from

The traditional form 總 shows silk threads being tied into one bundle. Gathering all strands together gives 'total'; what holds for the whole gives 'always'; the one who holds the bundle is the chief.

总 in Chinese culture

总是 always, 总统 president ('chief unifier'), 老总 the boss. 总之 'in short' wraps any rambling explanation. Every company's CEO is a 总 — 张总, 李总: Chief Zhang, Chief Li.

Example

总是 zǒngshì — always

他总是迟到。
Tā zǒngshì chídào.
He is always late.

How to remember it

All threads TIED into one bundle — the TOTAL, held ALWAYS by the CHIEF.

In Chinese offices the surname + 总 (王总 'Chief Wang') is the default honorific for any boss — one character doing the work of 'CEO'.

Same sound, different tones

1st zōng
ancestor; sect
3rd zǒng
always; total
4th zòng
zongzi dumpling

Words unlocked by 总

总是 zǒngshì
always
总统 zǒngtǒng
president

Related characters

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One character a morning · 431-character HSK library · iOS