分 = 八 (which itself means 'to split, divide') over 刀 (knife). A knife cutting something into parts — to DIVIDE. Everything 分 means flows from cutting into pieces.
分 (fēn) is division made into a character. As TIME: a minute is a 'division' of the hour — 三点十分 = 3:10 ('3 o'clock, 10 minutes'). As MONEY: a 分 is a cent, 1/100 of a yuan. As a verb: 分 = to divide/share (分书 = divide the books). And 十分 ('ten parts') means 'completely / very' — 十分好 = very good. From one knife-cut: minutes, cents, sharing, and 'very'.
A knife (刀) splitting (八) something apart — to DIVIDE; a minute; a cent.
十分 ('ten parts') means 'completely / very': 十分好 = very good. The same 分 is a minute of time and a cent of money — all 'divisions' of a whole.